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Exercice 1. Soit \[ \mathcal{B}=\left\{\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right],\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right],\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \end{array}\right],\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]\right\} \] la base canonique de \( \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \) et soit \( f: \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \) l'endomorphisme de \( \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \) tel que, en base canonique, \[ f\left(\left[\begin{array}{ll} x_{1} & x_{2} \\ x_{3} & x_{4} \end{array}\right]\right)=\left(\left[\begin{array}{cc} x_{1}+2 x_{3} & 2 x_{1}-x_{2}+4 x_{3}-2 x_{4} \\ -x_{3} & -2 x_{3}+x_{4} \end{array}\right]\right) \] (a) Montrer que \[ \mu_{\mathcal{B}, \mathcal{B}}(f)=\left(\begin{array}{cccc} 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & 4 & -2 \\ 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -2 & 1 \end{array}\right) \] où \( \mu_{\mathcal{B}, \mathcal{B}}(f) \) est la matrice associée à \( f \) dans la base canonique. (b) Déterminer le polynôme caractéristique \( \chi_{f}(x) \). (c) Déterminer les valeurs propres de \( f \), leurs multiplicités algébriques et montrer que l'endomorphisme \( f \) est diagonalisable. (d) Déterminer une base \( \mathcal{B}^{\prime} \) de \( \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \) formée de vecteurs propres de \( \operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \), la matrice de changement de base \( P:=\mu_{\mathcal{B}^{\prime}, \mathcal{B}}\left(\operatorname{Id}_{\mathrm{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R})}\right) \) et la matrice diagonale \( D:=\mu_{\mathcal{B}^{\prime}, \mathcal{B}^{\prime}}(f) \) telles que \[ \mu_{\mathcal{B}^{\prime}, \mathcal{B}^{\prime}}(f)=\left(\mu_{\mathcal{B}^{\prime}, \mathcal{B}}\left(\operatorname{Id}_{\operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R})}\right)\right)^{-1} \mu_{\mathcal{B}, \mathcal{B}}(f) \mu_{\mathcal{B}^{\prime}, \mathcal{B}}\left(\operatorname{Id}_{\operatorname{Mat}_{2}(\mathbb{R})}\right) \] Autrement dit, \[ D=P^{-1} A P \] où \( A=\mu_{\mathcal{B}, B}(f) \).
Other Jan 20, 2025
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