Question
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Solve the given initial-value problem. \[ y^{\prime \prime \prime}+10 y^{\prime \prime}+25 y^{\prime}=0, y(0)=0, y^{\prime}(0)=1, y^{\prime \prime}(0)=-6 \] \( y(x)=\square \)

Ask by Johnston Wood. in the United States
Jan 24,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

\( y(x) = \frac{4 + (5x - 4)e^{-5x}}{25} \)

Solution

To solve the initial-value problem: \[ y''' + 10y'' + 25y' = 0, \quad y(0) = 0, \quad y'(0) = 1, \quad y''(0) = -6 \] follow these steps: ### 1. Find the Characteristic Equation Assume a solution of the form \( y = e^{rx} \). Substituting into the differential equation gives: \[ r^3 + 10r^2 + 25r = 0 \] Factor out \( r \): \[ r(r^2 + 10r + 25) = 0 \] So, the roots are: - \( r = 0 \) - \( r = \frac{-10 \pm \sqrt{100 - 100}}{2} = -5 \) (a repeated root) ### 2. Write the General Solution With roots \( r = 0 \) and \( r = -5 \) (double root), the general solution is: \[ y(x) = A + (B + Cx)e^{-5x} \] ### 3. Apply Initial Conditions Use the initial conditions to determine the constants \( A \), \( B \), and \( C \). 1. **\( y(0) = 0 \):** \[ 0 = A + B \implies A = -B \] 2. **\( y'(0) = 1 \):** First, find \( y'(x) \): \[ y'(x) = (C - 5B - 5Cx)e^{-5x} \] At \( x = 0 \): \[ 1 = C - 5B \] 3. **\( y''(0) = -6 \):** First, find \( y''(x) \): \[ y''(x) = (-10C + 25B + 25Cx)e^{-5x} \] At \( x = 0 \): \[ -6 = -10C + 25B \] ### 4. Solve for Constants From the second condition: \[ C = 1 + 5B \] Substitute \( C = 1 + 5B \) into the third condition: \[ -10(1 + 5B) + 25B = -6 \\ -10 - 50B + 25B = -6 \\ -10 - 25B = -6 \\ -25B = 4 \\ B = -\frac{4}{25} \] Thus, \[ A = -B = \frac{4}{25} \] \[ C = 1 + 5\left(-\frac{4}{25}\right) = 1 - \frac{20}{25} = \frac{5}{5} - \frac{4}{5} = \frac{1}{5} \] ### 5. Write the Particular Solution Substitute \( A \), \( B \), and \( C \) into the general solution: \[ y(x) = \frac{4}{25} + \left(-\frac{4}{25} + \frac{1}{5}x\right)e^{-5x} \] Simplifying: \[ y(x) = \frac{4 + (5x - 4)e^{-5x}}{25} \] ### Final Answer \[ y(x) = \frac{\,4 + (5x - 4)\, e^{-5x}\,}{\,25\,} \]

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To solve the initial-value problem given by the differential equation \[ y^{\prime \prime \prime}+10 y^{\prime \prime}+25 y^{\prime}=0, \] we start by rewriting the equation as follows: \[ y^{\prime \prime \prime} + 10y^{\prime \prime} + 25y^{\prime} = 0. \] This is a third-order linear homogeneous differential equation. We can find its characteristic equation by assuming a solution of the form \( y = e^{rx} \), which leads to: \[ r^3 + 10r^2 + 25r = 0. \] Factoring out an \( r \), we have: \[ r(r^2 + 10r + 25) = 0. \] This gives us one root \( r = 0 \). For the quadratic part \( r^2 + 10r + 25 = 0 \), we can factor it as: \[ (r + 5)^2 = 0, \] yielding a double root \( r = -5 \). Therefore, the general solution for the differential equation is: \[ y(x) = C_1 + C_2 e^{-5x} + C_3 x e^{-5x}. \] To find \( C_1 \), \( C_2 \), and \( C_3 \), we need to use the initial conditions: \( y(0) = 0 \), \( y'(0) = 1 \), and \( y''(0) = -6 \). Calculating \( y(0) \): \[ y(0) = C_1 + C_2 + 0 = 0 \implies C_1 + C_2 = 0 \implies C_2 = -C_1. \] Now, let's calculate \( y'(x) \): \[ y'(x) = -5C_2 e^{-5x} + C_3 e^{-5x} - 5C_3 x e^{-5x}. \] Evaluating \( y'(0) \): \[ y'(0) = -5C_2 + C_3 = 1. \] Substituting \( C_2 = -C_1 \): \[ 5C_1 + C_3 = 1 \implies C_3 = 1 - 5C_1. \] Next, we calculate \( y''(x) \): \[ y''(x) = 25C_2 e^{-5x} - 10C_3 e^{-5x} + 5C_3 x e^{-5x}. \] Evaluating \( y''(0) \): \[ y''(0) = 25C_2 - 10C_3 = -6. \] Substituting \( C_2 = -C_1 \) and \( C_3 = 1 - 5C_1 \): \[ 25(-C_1) - 10(1 - 5C_1) = -6, \] \[ -25C_1 - 10 + 50C_1 = -6 \implies 25C_1 - 10 = -6 \implies 25C_1 = 4 \implies C_1 = \frac{4}{25}. \] Thus, \( C_2 = -\frac{4}{25} \) and \( C_3 = 1 - 5 \cdot \frac{4}{25} = 1 - \frac{20}{25} = \frac{5}{25} = \frac{1}{5} \). Finally, substituting the values of \( C_1 \), \( C_2 \), and \( C_3 \) back into the general solution, we have: \[ y(x) = \frac{4}{25} - \frac{4}{25} e^{-5x} + \frac{1}{5} x e^{-5x}. \] Thus, the final solution to the initial-value problem is: \[ y(x) = \frac{4}{25}(1 - e^{-5x}) + \frac{1}{5}x e^{-5x}. \]

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