II What makes up the Earth's biosphere?

The Earth's biosphere is primarily composed of all living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, along with the environments they inhabit. This dynamic zone extends from the deepest ocean trenches to the highest mountain peaks, integrating complex ecosystems where interactions between species and their surroundings create a vibrant tapestry of life. In addition to the living components, the biosphere also includes the various non-living elements it interacts with, such as water, air, and soil. These abiotic factors are crucial as they provide the necessary resources and conditions—like sunlight, nutrients, and climate—that sustain life and contribute to the planet's overall ecological balance.