1.5 Read the extract on drought \begin{tabular}{|l} DESERTIFICATION, DROUGHT AND CLIMATE CHANGE \\ \( \begin{array}{l}\text { Dryland areas in Africa are under threat from deforestation, soil erosion } \\ \text { nutrient mining, recurrent drought and climate change, potentially resulting in } \\ \text { land degradation, desertification, and aggravated poverty. Sustainabis } \\ \text { agricultural innovations are key to limiting adverse impacts on the environmeny } \\ \text { and on the livelihoods of rural populations. }\end{array} \) \\ 1.5 .1 Differentiate between drought and desertification. \\ 1.5 .2 State TWO causes of drought. \\ 1.5 .3 Quote from the extract the consequences of drought. \\ 1.5 .4 Suggest THREE common management strategies to reduce \\ the spread of drought and desertification. \end{tabular}\( (3 \times 2) \)

Let's break down the questions step by step based on the provided extract on drought, desertification, and climate change. ### 1.5.1 Differentiate between drought and desertification. - **Drought**: Drought is a temporary condition characterized by a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water shortages. It can affect agriculture, water supply, and ecosystems. - **Desertification**: Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes increasingly arid and unproductive, often as a result of various factors including drought, deforestation, and poor land management practices. It is a long-term degradation of land. ### 1.5.2 State TWO causes of drought. 1. **Climate Change**: Changes in climate patterns can lead to reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, contributing to drought conditions. 2. **Deforestation**: The removal of trees can disrupt local weather patterns and reduce moisture in the atmosphere, leading to drier conditions. ### 1.5.3 Quote from the extract the consequences of drought. The extract mentions the consequences of drought as follows: "potentially resulting in land degradation, desertification, and aggravated poverty." ### 1.5.4 Suggest THREE common management strategies to reduce the spread of drought and desertification. 1. **Sustainable Agricultural Practices**: Implementing techniques such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and agroforestry to maintain soil health and moisture. 2. **Reforestation and Afforestation**: Planting trees to restore degraded land and improve water retention in the soil. 3. **Water Management Techniques**: Utilizing rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, and the construction of check dams to optimize water use and reduce evaporation. This structured approach provides clear answers to each part of the question based on the extract provided.