Unit 3: Ionie Bonding Weloquest Directions: Complete the following activity. IONIC BONDS: https://pbslm-contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/arct15/SimBucket/Simulations/chemthink-ionicbonding/content/index.htn 1. As the name implies, Ionic Bonds are formed between $$ \qquad $$ The typical definition o ionic bond tells us that it involves the transfer of $$ \qquad $$ (protons, neutrons, ele Choose one. 2. Describe what happens when two negatively charged particles interact with one another. (yc draw a diagram to help illustrate your ideas) 3. When will oppositely charged atoms stick together? 4. Atoms on the $$ \qquad $$ side of the periodic table form positive ions. 5. Since $$ \qquad $$ easily lose electrons the positive ion will usually be a $$ \qquad $$ . 6. Atoms on the $$ \qquad $$ side of the periodic table form negative ions. 7. Since $$ \qquad $$ easily gain electrons the negative ion will usually be a $$ \qquad $$ . 8. Take a look at the ionic bond formed between Sodium and Chlorine atoms. a. When a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a $$ \qquad $$ charge sodium ion. The chlorine atom gains the electron and becomes a $$ \qquad $$ charged ion. b. Draw each atom below as it looks like in the final NaCl on the website (progress $$ 11 / 27 $$ the Na and Cl as either + or -. And label each as either Cation or Anion.

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**Unit 3: Ionic Bonding Worksheet**

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### **Ionic Bonds:**

[Simulation Link](https://pbslm-contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/arct15/SimBucket/Simulations/chemthink-ionicbonding/content/index.htm)

---

#### **1. As the name implies, Ionic Bonds are formed between** **_metals and nonmetals_**. **The typical definition of ionic bond tells us that it involves the transfer of** **_electrons_**.

**Explanation:**
Ionic bonds typically form between metals, which tend to lose electrons, and nonmetals, which tend to gain electrons. This transfer of electrons results in the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which are held together by electrostatic forces.

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#### **2. Describe what happens when two negatively charged particles interact with one another.**

**Answer:**
When two negatively charged particles come close to each other, they repel one another due to the like charges. This repulsion occurs because the electrons in each particle create a force that pushes them away from each other, preventing them from coming closer or forming a bond.

**Diagram:**
*(Draw two circles representing particles, each with a negative sign (-) inside, and arrows indicating repulsion away from each other.)*

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#### **3. When will oppositely charged atoms stick together?**

**Answer:**
Oppositely charged atoms will stick together when one atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion (cation) and the other atom gains those electrons to become a negatively charged ion (anion). The electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions results in the formation of an ionic bond.

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#### **4. Atoms on the** **_left_** **side of the periodic table form positive ions.**

**Explanation:**
Elements on the left side of the periodic table, typically metals, have fewer valence electrons and a tendency to lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Losing electrons results in the formation of positively charged ions.

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#### **5. Since** **_alkali metals_** **easily lose electrons, the positive ion will usually be a** **_cation with a +1 charge_**.

**Explanation:**
Alkali metals, found in Group 1 of the periodic table, have one valence electron. They tend to lose this single electron to form cations with a +1 charge (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺).

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#### **6. Atoms on the** **_right_** **side of the periodic table form negative ions.**

**Explanation:**
Elements on the right side of the periodic table, particularly the nonmetals, have more valence electrons and a tendency to gain electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration. Gaining electrons results in the formation of negatively charged ions.

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#### **7. Since** **_halogens_** **easily gain electrons, the negative ion will usually be a** **_anion with a -1 charge_**.

**Explanation:**
Halogens, located in Group 17 of the periodic table, have seven valence electrons and require one additional electron to complete their valence shell. They typically gain one electron to form anions with a -1 charge (e.g., Cl⁻, Br⁻).

---

#### **8. Take a look at the ionic bond formed between Sodium and Chlorine atoms.**

**a. When a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a** **_positively_** **charged sodium ion. The chlorine atom gains the electron and becomes a** **_negatively_** **charged ion.**

**Explanation:**
- Sodium (Na) loses one electron to form Na⁺.
- Chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to form Cl⁻.
- The oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming sodium chloride (NaCl).

**b. Draw each atom below as it looks like in the final NaCl**

*(Since I can't provide drawings, here's a description for each atom in NaCl):*

- **Sodium Ion (Na⁺):**
  - **Symbol:** Na⁺
  - **Charge:** +1
  - **Type:** **Cation**
  
- **Chloride Ion (Cl⁻):**
  - **Symbol:** Cl⁻
  - **Charge:** -1
  - **Type:** **Anion**

**Visualization:**
```
Na⁺    <-- Electrostatic Attraction -->    Cl⁻
```

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**Summary:**
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. These ions attract each other to form a stable ionic compound, such as sodium chloride (NaCl).
**Unit 3: Ionic Bonding Worksheet** --- ### **Ionic Bonds:** [Simulation Link](https://pbslm-contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/arct15/SimBucket/Simulations/chemthink-ionicbonding/content/index.htm) --- 1. **Ionic Bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals.** They involve the transfer of electrons. 2. **When two negatively charged particles interact, they repel each other.** 3. **Oppositely charged atoms stick together when one loses electrons to form a cation and the other gains electrons to form an anion.** 4. **Atoms on the left side of the periodic table form positive ions.** 5. **Alkali metals easily lose electrons, resulting in cations with a +1 charge.** 6. **Atoms on the right side of the periodic table form negative ions.** 7. **Halogens easily gain electrons, resulting in anions with a -1 charge.** 8. **In sodium and chlorine:** - Sodium loses an electron to become a **positively charged sodium ion (Na⁺).** - Chlorine gains an electron to become a **negatively charged chloride ion (Cl⁻).** - These ions attract each other to form sodium chloride (NaCl). --- **Summary:** Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of electrons, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other to create stable ionic compounds like sodium chloride.

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