suspect melanin plays based on this data set? in probecting humans from UV light, but at the same time allowing ir to activale, a molecule to prodice vitamin \( D \). 11. What is the pattern between skin color, UV exposure, and Vitamin deficiency? Make sure to answer which skin pigmentation is linked tq which vitamin deficiency (Vitamin B and vitamin D) ight pigment, has more damage Eor Av, but sufitibnt vamin, Dark pigment ight pigment, has more damage from dav, but sufitbont has sueficiant vibamin \( B \). 12. Selection pressure means factors that contribute to selection which variations will provide the individual with an increased chance of surviving over others. What is the selective pressure in this example? The selective pressure in this sitiluation is skin pigmentation, because, because it adapts to every location, like Southern, Northerm, 70 \( i \) equator, because of the uv light.

To analyze the relationship between skin color, UV exposure, and vitamin deficiencies, let's break down the information provided and answer the questions step by step. ### 1. Pattern Between Skin Color, UV Exposure, and Vitamin Deficiency **Known Conditions:** - **Skin Color:** Light pigmentation and dark pigmentation. - **UV Exposure:** Varies by geographic location (e.g., equatorial regions have higher UV exposure). - **Vitamin Deficiencies:** Vitamin D and Vitamin B. **Analysis:** - **Light Pigmentation:** - **UV Exposure:** More susceptible to UV damage. - **Vitamin Production:** Allows for sufficient production of Vitamin D due to higher skin permeability to UV light. - **Vitamin Deficiency:** More likely to experience Vitamin B deficiency due to less adaptation to high UV environments. - **Dark Pigmentation:** - **UV Exposure:** Provides better protection against UV damage. - **Vitamin Production:** May limit Vitamin D production due to lower permeability to UV light. - **Vitamin Deficiency:** More likely to experience Vitamin D deficiency, especially in areas with low UV exposure. **Conclusion:** - **Light Pigmentation:** Linked to Vitamin B deficiency. - **Dark Pigmentation:** Linked to Vitamin D deficiency. ### 2. Selective Pressure **Definition:** - Selective pressure refers to environmental factors that influence which individuals in a population are more likely to survive and reproduce based on their traits. **In This Example:** - The selective pressure is **skin pigmentation**. - This trait adapts to different environments: - **Equatorial Regions:** Higher UV exposure favors darker skin pigmentation to protect against UV damage while still allowing for some Vitamin D production. - **Northern Regions:** Lower UV exposure favors lighter skin pigmentation to enhance Vitamin D production in conditions where UV light is less available. ### Summary - **Skin Color and Vitamin Deficiency:** - Light pigmentation is associated with Vitamin B deficiency. - Dark pigmentation is associated with Vitamin D deficiency. - **Selective Pressure:** - Skin pigmentation adapts to varying UV exposure levels across different geographic locations, influencing survival and reproductive success. This analysis highlights the complex interplay between skin color, UV exposure, and vitamin deficiencies, illustrating how evolutionary pressures shape human traits in response to environmental conditions.