Pregunta
1.1 Discuss which system has higher entropy.
a. One mole of ice or one mole of liquid water at
b. One mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature or one mole of iodine as a gas at room
temperature.
c. One mole of liquid propanol or one mole of liquid dimethyl ether. (Hint: Which of the molecule
can form hydrogen bonds?)
a. One mole of ice or one mole of liquid water at
b. One mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature or one mole of iodine as a gas at room
temperature.
c. One mole of liquid propanol or one mole of liquid dimethyl ether. (Hint: Which of the molecule
can form hydrogen bonds?)
Ask by Owen Ray. in the United States
Dec 06,2024
Solución de inteligencia artificial de Upstudy
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- One mole of liquid water at
has higher entropy than one mole of ice at . - One mole of iodine as a gas at room temperature has higher entropy than one mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature.
- One mole of liquid dimethyl ether has higher entropy than one mole of liquid propanol.
Solución
To determine which system has higher entropy, we need to consider the state of matter and the ability of molecules to form hydrogen bonds.
a. One mole of ice or one mole of liquid water at
- Ice is in a solid state, which has lower entropy compared to liquid water. This is because the molecules in a solid are more ordered and have less freedom to move compared to molecules in a liquid.
- Therefore, one mole of liquid water at
has higher entropy than one mole of ice at .
b. One mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature or one mole of iodine as a gas at room temperature:
- Iodine in a solid state has lower entropy compared to iodine in a gaseous state. This is because the molecules in a gas have more freedom to move and are more randomly distributed compared to molecules in a solid.
- Therefore, one mole of iodine as a gas at room temperature has higher entropy than one mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature.
c. One mole of liquid propanol or one mole of liquid dimethyl ether:
- Propanol can form hydrogen bonds, while dimethyl ether cannot.
- Hydrogen bonding increases the intermolecular forces and reduces the entropy of a substance.
- Therefore, one mole of liquid propanol has lower entropy than one mole of liquid dimethyl ether.
In summary:
- One mole of liquid water at
has higher entropy than one mole of ice at . - One mole of iodine as a gas at room temperature has higher entropy than one mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature.
- One mole of liquid dimethyl ether has higher entropy than one mole of liquid propanol.
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Simplifique esta solución Extra Insights
The system with higher entropy between one mole of ice and one mole of liquid water at
When comparing one mole of iodine as a solid at room temperature versus one mole of iodine as a gas at room temperature, the gaseous iodine has higher entropy. The gaseous state allows iodine molecules to occupy a larger volume and move more freely, resulting in greater disorder compared to the tightly packed solid state.
In the case of one mole of liquid propanol and one mole of liquid dimethyl ether, liquid propanol has higher entropy because it can form hydrogen bonds due to the presence of an -OH group. This intermolecular interaction creates more complexity and disorder in the liquid structure than dimethyl ether, which has weaker van der Waals forces, resulting in lower entropy.
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