Classroom activity 4
(1) State the principle of the conservation of charge.
2 Calculate the new charge on
each of the spheres in the
diagram after they touch one
another.
(120) Find out what the charge on a neutral object will be if it
a) gains 275 electrons
b) loses 1650 electrons.
(4) This diagram shows sphere A with a charge of +6 C and
sphere of unknown charge. When the two spheres
come into contact with each other, each sphere obtains a
charge of -2 C Calculate the charge on sphere B .

Question

Classroom activity 4
(1) State the principle of the conservation of charge.
2 Calculate the new charge on
each of the spheres in the
diagram after they touch one
another.
(120) Find out what the charge on a neutral object will be if it
a) gains 275 electrons
b) loses 1650 electrons.
(4) This diagram shows sphere A with a charge of +6 C and
sphere

of unknown charge. When the two spheres
come into contact with each other, each sphere obtains a
charge of -2 C Calculate the charge on sphere B .

UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

Below is a step‐by‐step solution to each part of the activity.

---

## (1) Principle of the Conservation of Charge

**Statement:**  
The principle of conservation of charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant over time. In other words, charge can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred from one object to another.

---

## (2) Charge Redistribution When Spheres Touch

**Concept:**  
When two identical conducting spheres come into contact, the charge is shared equally between them. If the initial charges on the two spheres are $$ Q_1 $$ and $$ Q_2 $$, then after touching, the charge on each sphere is given by  
$$
Q_{\text{final}} = \frac{Q_1 + Q_2}{2}.
$$

**Example (if values were given):**  
Suppose one sphere carries $$ +4 $$ C and the other carries $$ -2 $$ C before they touch. Then the total charge is  
$$
+4 + (-2) = +2 \text{ C}.
$$
After contact, each sphere will have  
$$
Q_{\text{final}} = \frac{+2}{2} = +1 \text{ C}.
$$
*(Note: Use the actual initial charges from your diagram if they differ.)*

---

## (120) Charge on a Neutral Object When Electrons are Gained or Lost

**Important:**  
The elementary charge (the charge of one electron) is  
$$
e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}.
$$

### (a) Gains 275 Electrons

- **Electrons have a negative charge.**  
- Total charge transferred is
  $$
  Q = 275 \times \Bigl(-1.6 \times 10^{-19}\Bigr) \text{ C}.
  $$
- Calculation:
  $$
  Q = -4.4 \times 10^{-17} \text{ C}.
  $$
- **Answer:** The neutral object becomes charged with $$-4.4 \times 10^{-17}$$ C.

### (b) Loses 1650 Electrons

- **Losing electrons means a net positive charge,** since electrons have a negative charge.  
- Total charge transferred is
  $$
  Q = 1650 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}.
  $$
- Calculation:
  $$
  Q = 2.64 \times 10^{-16} \text{ C}.
  $$
- **Answer:** The neutral object becomes charged with $$+2.64 \times 10^{-16}$$ C.

---

## (4) Finding the Charge on Sphere $$ B $$

**Given:**  
- Sphere $$ A $$ has an initial charge of $$ +6 $$ C.  
- Sphere $$ B $$ has an unknown charge $$ Q_B $$.  
- After they are brought into contact, both spheres have a charge of $$ -2 $$ C.

**Step 1: Apply Conservation of Charge**

The total initial charge must equal the total final charge.

- **Initial total charge:**
  $$
  Q_{\text{initial}} = Q_A + Q_B = 6 + Q_B.
  $$
- **Final total charge:**  
  After contact, each sphere has $$ -2 $$ C, so:
  $$
  Q_{\text{final}} = (-2) + (-2) = -4 \text{ C}.
  $$
  
Thus, by conservation of charge:
$$
6 + Q_B = -4.
$$

**Step 2: Solve for $$ Q_B $$**

Subtract $$ 6 $$ from both sides:
$$
Q_B = -4 - 6 = -10 \text{ C}.
$$

- **Answer:** Sphere $$ B $$ initially had a charge of $$-10$$ C.

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These steps outline the full reasoning according to the principles of charge conservation and equal distribution between conductors.
(1) The principle of conservation of charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant; charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. (2) When two identical conducting spheres touch, the charge is equally shared. If one sphere has +4 C and the other -2 C, each will have +1 C after touching. (120) (a) Gaining 275 electrons results in a charge of $$-4.4 \times 10^{-17}$$ C. (b) Losing 1650 electrons results in a charge of $$+2.64 \times 10^{-16}$$ C. (4) Sphere B initially had a charge of $$-10$$ C.

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