11. Which management principle states that each individual should report to only one boss in
    order to avoid conflict and/or confusion?
    

The principle that states each individual should report to only one boss to avoid conflict and confusion is known as “Unity of Command.” This essential management concept helps clarify responsibilities and ensures that employees receive consistent instructions, which is crucial for maintaining morale and streamlining decision-making.

In practice, implementing the unity of command can significantly enhance team coherence. For instance, in a large organization, if an employee reports to multiple managers, mixed messages may arise, leading to inefficiencies or decreased productivity. Keeping a clear line of reporting helps everyone work toward common goals without overlapping authority.