Which of the following would most likely be a theory put forward by a psychologist?
That there is a hereditary component to heart disease
That humans are able to learn through observation
That the immune system responds to environmental factors
That chemical changes during early childhood affect muscle and bone
development
Question 3 (1 point)
Lsten
The claim that “people only use 10 percent of their brains” is an example of what?
Confirmation bias
Scientific skepticism
Fundamental attribution error

Question

UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

1. For the first question, we review the four statements:

- **"That there is a hereditary component to heart disease"**  
     This is a theory that would typically be explored by geneticists or medical researchers.
     
   - **"That humans are able to learn through observation"**  
     This statement describes a learning process. Psychologists study behaviors and mental processes such as learning. In particular, this idea is linked to concepts in social learning theory.
     
   - **"That the immune system responds to environmental factors"**  
     This topic is generally studied in immunology and biology rather than psychology.
     
   - **"That chemical changes during early childhood affect muscle and bone development"**  
     This statement touches on physical development, likely the domain of developmental biology or medicine.

Since psychologists focus on behavioral and mental processes, the most appropriate option is:
   
   $$
   \text{"That humans are able to learn through observation"}
   $$

2. For the second question, consider the claim:

$$
   \text{"People only use 10 percent of their brains"}
   $$

We have three answer choices:

- **Confirmation bias:**  
     This is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.
     
   - **Scientific skepticism:**  
     This involves questioning and demanding evidence before accepting a claim.
     
   - **Fundamental attribution error:**  
     This is the tendency to overemphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while underemphasizing situational influences.

The claim $$\text{"People only use 10 percent of their brains"}$$ is not an example of scientific skepticism (which would involve questioning the claim) nor is it an example of fundamental attribution error, which is related to explanations of behavior. Instead, this statement persists as a myth partly because individuals may ignore evidence that contradicts their belief. This tendency to accept information that confirms a misconception is related to **confirmation bias**.

Therefore, the best answer is:

$$
   \text{Confirmation bias}
   $$
1. The theory that humans can learn through observation is most likely put forward by a psychologist. 2. The claim that "people only use 10 percent of their brains" is an example of confirmation bias.

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