Improving society was the primary purpose of sociological research during the
phase of sociology.
first
second
third
fourth

The first phase of sociology, often referred to as the “foundational period,” was heavily influenced by thinkers like Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer, who believed that sociological research should be used to enhance and reform society. They aimed to apply scientific methods to social conditions to create a better world, laying the groundwork for sociological inquiry as a tool for social improvement.

By the time sociology progressed to its second phase, the focus shifted to understanding societal structures and functions through empirical research. Pioneering theorists began to integrate social statistics and qualitative data analysis, emphasizing that knowledge about society could elevate its various layers—this paved the way for sociology as a discipline grounded in rigorous investigation, rather than mere speculation.