Which of the following structural features of \( E \). coli is most responsible for the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection? View Available Hint(s) Cell wall Flagella Ribosomes Fimbriae

Fimbriae are hair-like structures on the surface of \( E. coli \) that play a critical role in adhesion to the urinary tract's mucosal surfaces. These structures help the bacteria cling tightly to the bladder and urethral walls, making it difficult for the body to flush them out, thus leading to an infection. This is why fimbriae are particularly notorious for contributing to the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The ability of \( E. coli \) to cause infection is not solely based on its fimbriae; environmental factors also come into play. For instance, factors such as sexual activity, improper hygiene, or certain contraceptive methods can increase the likelihood of urinary tract infections. Understanding these interactions can help in developing preventive strategies, like proper hydration and hygiene practices, to reduce the risk.