Seeds of the Enlightenment For hundreds of years, rellgion was the cantral authority in Europe, as wet as moet of the civilizations of the world During the 18 th-century, some European thinkers began to question the roles and authority of God, and the Kings/nobles that ruled them: panicularlyibsidea that ones bifth detemmined their class and fate Besides their desire to bypass the Divine Ripht of Kings and noble suthority, newidens influenced their thoughts and actions One of the driving forces was the Scientific Revolution's emphasis on Eqistempteen as thinkers increasingly applied Reasos and rettonatiygto human institutions rather than just physical sciences English Enlightenment Thought By the 1600 s, an Engishman named gohn Locke had historically seen many corrupt kings and lords misuse and abuse their power He came up with two major Enlightenment concepts heavily argued for by the landed gentry: natural rights and consent of the goremed Naturat rights were the idea that all humans are born with the rights to life, uberty, and property-all of which should be protected by the state Consent of the governedwas the idea that if the state ever fakes or fails to defend natural rights, the people are obligated to reform the state Additionally, many English supponed Constutuionalism-the limiting of state powers by a set of documents written and agreed upon by citizens

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The passage discusses the emergence of Enlightenment thought in Europe, particularly focusing on the shift from religious authority to reason and individual rights. Here’s a breakdown of the key points:

### Key Points Extracted:

1. **Historical Context**:
   - For centuries, religion was the central authority in Europe and many civilizations.
   - In the 18th century, thinkers began to question the authority of God and the ruling class (kings and nobles).

2. **Influences on Enlightenment Thought**:
   - The Enlightenment was influenced by the Scientific Revolution, which emphasized reason and rationality.
   - Thinkers began applying these principles to human institutions, not just the physical sciences.

3. **John Locke's Contributions**:
   - John Locke, an English philosopher in the 1600s, observed the misuse of power by kings and lords.
   - He introduced two major concepts:
     - **Natural Rights**: The belief that all humans are entitled to life, liberty, and property, which should be protected by the state.
     - **Consent of the Governed**: The idea that if the government fails to protect natural rights, the people have the right to reform it.

4. **Support for Constitutionalism**:
   - Many English thinkers supported the idea of Constitutionalism, which limits state powers through documents agreed upon by citizens.

### Summary:
The Enlightenment marked a significant shift in European thought, moving away from religious authority towards reason, individual rights, and the idea that government should be accountable to the people. John Locke's ideas on natural rights and the consent of the governed laid the groundwork for modern democratic principles and constitutional governance.
The Enlightenment was a period when European thinkers began to question religious and royal authority, emphasizing reason and individual rights. Key figures like John Locke introduced ideas such as natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the consent of the governed, which means people have the right to change their government if it doesn't protect these rights. This led to the development of constitutionalism, where governments are limited by agreements made by citizens.

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