In the weighted voting system below, the weights represent voters A, B, C, and so on, in that order. Answer parts (a) through (d). \[ [4: 1,1,1,1] \] C. Each voter has 4 votes. D. Each voter has 5 votes. c. Are there any dictators? No Yes d. Which voter(s), if any, have veto power? A. B only B. A and B only C. All D. None

We are given the weighted voting system   [4: 1, 1, 1, 1] where the quota (the number before the colon) is 4 and the weights of voters A, B, C, and D are 1, 1, 1, and 1 respectively. Let’s answer parts (c) and (d): c. Are there any dictators? A dictator is a voter whose support alone is sufficient to pass any motion regardless of how the others vote. In this system, every voter only has a weight of 1, while the quota is 4, so no single voter has enough weight to reach or exceed the quota. Even if one voter votes “yes,” at most they contribute 1 vote, which is far less than 4. Therefore, there are no dictators in this system. Correct answer: No d. Which voter(s), if any, have veto power? A voter has veto power if their “no” vote can block any winning coalition. In this system the total weight available is 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4, which exactly matches the quota. That means every winning coalition must include all four voters. If any one voter votes "no," then the maximum total weight possible is 3 (1+1+1) from the remaining voters, which is below the quota of 4. Hence, every voter is needed for a decision to pass, so each voter has veto power. Correct answer: All Summary: c. Are there any dictators? – Answer: No. d. Which voter(s) have veto power? – Answer: All voters have veto power.