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3 Un astronauta arrivato su un pianeta lontano vuole de- terminarne l'accelerazione di gravita lanciando un sasso verso l'alto con una velocità iniziale di \( +15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} \) e misura un tempo di 20 s prima che il sasso ritorni sulla sua mano. Calcola l'accelerazione di gravità sul pianeta.

Ask by Gough Owen. in Italy
Jan 24,2025

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L'accelerazione di gravità sul pianeta è \( 1.5 \, \text{m/s}^2 \).

Solución

Per determinare l'accelerazione di gravità \( g \) sul pianeta, possiamo utilizzare le equazioni del moto uniformemente accelerato. ### Dati forniti: - **Velocità iniziale** (\( u \)): \( +15 \, \text{m/s} \) (verso l'alto) - **Tempo totale di volo** (\( t \)): \( 20 \, \text{s} \) ### Analisi del Movimento: Quando il sasso viene lanciato verso l'alto, raggiunge un'altezza massima dove la sua velocità diventa zero prima di iniziare a cadere indietro. Il tempo totale di 20 secondi include sia il tempo di salita (\( t_{\text{su}} \)) che di discesa (\( t_{\text{giu}} \)). Per il moto verso l'alto: \[ v = u - g t_{\text{su}} \] Alla massima altezza, \( v = 0 \): \[ 0 = 15 \, \text{m/s} - g t_{\text{su}} \] \[ t_{\text{su}} = \frac{15 \, \text{m/s}}{g} \] Poiché il tempo di discesa è uguale a quello di salita (\( t_{\text{giu}} = t_{\text{su}} \)), il tempo totale è: \[ t = t_{\text{su}} + t_{\text{giu}} = 2 t_{\text{su}} \] \[ 20 \, \text{s} = 2 \left( \frac{15 \, \text{m/s}}{g} \right) \] \[ 20 \, \text{s} = \frac{30 \, \text{m/s}}{g} \] ### Calcolo di \( g \): \[ g = \frac{30 \, \text{m/s}}{20 \, \text{s}} \] \[ g = 1.5 \, \text{m/s}^2 \] ### Risposta: L'accelerazione di gravità sul pianeta è di \( 1,5 \, \text{m/s}^2 \).

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Bonus Knowledge

Il tempo totale di volo del sasso è di 20 secondi, il che significa che ci vogliono 10 secondi per salire e 10 secondi per scendere. Utilizzando la formula del moto uniformemente accelerato, possiamo applicare \( s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2 \). Poiché il sasso torna al punto di partenza, la distanza \( s \) è zero. Calcoliamo l'accelerazione di gravità \( g \) usando \( 0 = 15 \cdot 10 + \frac{1}{2} g \cdot (10)^2 \). Risolvendo, otteniamo \( g = -3 \, \mathrm{m/s^2} \). L'accelerazione di gravità sul pianeta è quindi di 3 m/s², diretta verso il basso. Ora, considerando i segni, l'accelerazione di gravità è positiva verso il basso, quindi il risultato finale sarà \( g = 3 \, \mathrm{m/s^2} \) in valore assoluto, indicando una gravità relativamente debole rispetto a quella terrestre!

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