ఏర్పరస్తుందా? నీ సమాధానమును ప్రయోగపూర్వకముగా ధ్రువీకరించండి. మీ పరిశీలనలను వివరించుము.
3. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards the normal or away from the normal? Why?

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UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

1. Applying Snell's law, we have  
   $$
   n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2,
   $$
   where $$ n_1 $$ and $$ n_2 $$ are the refractive indices of air and water respectively, and $$ \theta_1 $$ and $$ \theta_2 $$ are the angles of incidence and refraction.

2. Since the refractive index of air is approximately $$ n_1 \approx 1 $$ and that of water is about $$ n_2 \approx 1.33 $$, we see that $$ n_2 > n_1 $$.

3. Rearranging Snell's law, we obtain  
   $$
   \sin \theta_2 = \frac{n_1}{n_2} \sin \theta_1.
   $$
   Because $$ \frac{n_1}{n_2} < 1 $$, it follows that $$ \sin \theta_2 < \sin \theta_1 $$.

4. Since the sine function is increasing in the interval $$[0, 90^\circ]$$, this means that  
   $$
   \theta_2 < \theta_1.
   $$
   Thus, the light ray bends toward the normal as it enters the water.

5. The bending toward the normal occurs because the light slows down in water (a denser medium), causing the direction of the ray to change such that the angle with respect to the normal is reduced.

Experimental/Conceptual Verification:  
- If you conduct an experiment using a laser pointer and a transparent tank of water, you will observe that the ray in water makes a smaller angle with the normal compared to the angle it makes in air, confirming the theory explained above.
When light travels from air into water at an angle, it bends toward the normal. This happens because water is denser than air, causing the light to slow down and change direction.

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