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To determine the total force on the negative point charge \( q_3 = -3.00 \, \text{nC} \) located at \( x = 4.00 \, \text{m} \), you need to know the magnitudes and positions of the other two charges (\( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \)) and their arrangement relative to \( q_3 \). Once you provide this information, I can calculate the exact magnitude and direction of the total force exerted on \( q_3 \).
Solución
It looks like you're referring to a scenario involving three point charges, with two of them exerting forces on a third charge \( q_3 = -3.00 \, \text{nC} \) located at \( x = 4.00 \, \text{m} \). To determine the **total force** (both magnitude and direction) exerted on \( q_3 \) by the other two charges, we'll need additional information about the other two charges, specifically:
1. **Magnitudes of the Other Charges (\( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \)):**
- What are the values of \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \)? Are they positive, negative, or a mix of both?
2. **Positions of the Other Charges:**
- Where are \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) located relative to \( q_3 \)? Are they on the same line (e.g., the x-axis), or are they positioned elsewhere in space?
3. **Configuration Details:**
- Is this a one-dimensional problem (all charges along a straight line) or a two/three-dimensional problem?
- Are there any symmetries or specific arrangements that can simplify the calculations?
### **General Approach to Solving the Problem:**
Once you have the necessary information, you can follow these steps to determine the total force on \( q_3 \):
1. **Identify Each Force:**
- Use Coulomb's Law to calculate the force exerted by each charge on \( q_3 \):
\[
F = k_e \frac{|q_i \cdot q_3|}{r^2}
\]
where:
- \( F \) is the magnitude of the force,
- \( k_e \) is Coulomb's constant (\( 8.988 \times 10^9 \, \text{N·m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)),
- \( q_i \) is the other charge,
- \( r \) is the distance between the charges.
2. **Determine the Direction of Each Force:**
- If the charges are of opposite signs, the force is **attractive** (toward the other charge).
- If the charges are of the same sign, the force is **repulsive** (away from the other charge).
3. **Break Down Forces into Components (if necessary):**
- If the charges are not aligned along a single axis, resolve each force into its x and y components.
4. **Sum the Forces Vectorially:**
- Add the individual force vectors to obtain the **total force** on \( q_3 \).
5. **Calculate the Magnitude and Direction:**
- Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the total magnitude.
- Use trigonometry (e.g., arctangent) to determine the direction relative to a reference axis.
### **Example Scenario:**
Let's assume a simple case where:
- \( q_1 = +5.00 \, \text{nC} \) is located at the origin (\( x = 0 \, \text{m} \)).
- \( q_2 = -2.00 \, \text{nC} \) is located at \( x = 2.00 \, \text{m} \).
- \( q_3 = -3.00 \, \text{nC} \) is located at \( x = 4.00 \, \text{m} \).
**Steps:**
1. **Force Due to \( q_1 \) on \( q_3 \):**
- Distance: \( r_{13} = 4.00 \, \text{m} \)
- \( F_{13} = k_e \frac{|q_1 \cdot q_3|}{r_{13}^2} = 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot \frac{5 \times 10^{-9} \times 3 \times 10^{-9}}{16} \approx 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot \frac{15 \times 10^{-18}}{16} \approx 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot 0.9375 \times 10^{-18} \approx 8.438 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \)
- Direction: Since \( q_1 \) is positive and \( q_3 \) is negative, the force is **attractive**, directing toward \( q_1 \) (to the left).
2. **Force Due to \( q_2 \) on \( q_3 \):**
- Distance: \( r_{23} = 4.00 - 2.00 = 2.00 \, \text{m} \)
- \( F_{23} = k_e \frac{|q_2 \cdot q_3|}{r_{23}^2} = 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot \frac{2 \times 10^{-9} \times 3 \times 10^{-9}}{4} \approx 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot \frac{6 \times 10^{-18}}{4} \approx 8.988 \times 10^9 \cdot 1.5 \times 10^{-18} \approx 13.482 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \)
- Direction: \( q_2 \) is negative and \( q_3 \) is also negative, so the force is **repulsive**, directing away from \( q_2 \) (to the right).
3. **Total Force on \( q_3 \):**
- \( F_{13} \) acts to the left (-x direction): \( -8.438 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \)
- \( F_{23} \) acts to the right (+x direction): \( +13.482 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \)
- **Net Force:**
\[
F_{\text{total}} = F_{23} + F_{13} = 13.482 \times 10^{-9} - 8.438 \times 10^{-9} = 5.044 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \, \text{(to the right)}
\]
- **Magnitude:** \( 5.044 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \)
- **Direction:** To the right along the x-axis.
### **Conclusion:**
To provide a precise answer to your question, please supply the following details about the two charges exerting forces on \( q_3 \):
- **Magnitudes of \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \)**
- **Positions of \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) relative to \( q_3 \)**
- **Any additional configuration details (e.g., alignment along axes, angles between forces)**
With this information, I can help you calculate the exact magnitude and direction of the total force exerted on the negative point charge \( q_3 \).
Revisado y aprobado por el equipo de tutoría de UpStudy
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