\( \frac { d ^ { 2 } y } { d x ^ { 2 } } - 4 \frac { d y } { d x } + 4 y = 0 ; \quad y = c _ { 1 } e ^ { 2 x } + c _ { 2 } x e ^ { 2 x } \)
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Beyond the Answer
This differential equation is a linear homogeneous equation with constant coefficients, which can be solved using characteristic equations. The roots of the characteristic equation \( r^2 - 4r + 4 = 0 \) are a repeated root \( r = 2 \). This gives rise to the general solution that includes both the exponential term and a polynomial term, hence the solution \( y = c_1 e^{2x} + c_2 x e^{2x} \). In real-world applications, such differential equations frequently arise in physics, particularly when modeling systems with constant acceleration, like springs and electrical circuits. For example, they can describe the motion of a damped harmonic oscillator where forces acting on the system lead to behavior described by such equations, showcasing the elegance of mathematics in explaining physical phenomena.